Grammar explanations

Verbs

• Irregular verbs - complete list
• Irregular verbs - divided into groups
• Verbs without -ing

• Verbs - exercises

• Verb
• abide
• arise
• awake
• be
• bear
• beat
• become
• befall
• beget
• begin
• behold
• bend
• bereave
• bereave
• beseech
• beset
• bet
• bid (= command)
• bid (= offer)
• bind
• bite
• bleed
• bless
• blow
• break
• breed
• bring
• broadcast
• build
• burn
• burst
• buy
• cast
• catch
• chide
• choose
• cleave
• cling
• clothe
• come
• cost
• creep
• crow
• cut
• dare
• deal
• dig
• do
• draw
• dream
• drink
• drive
• dwell
• eat
• fall
• feed
• feel
• fight
• find
• flee
• fling
• fly
• forbear
• forbid
• forecast
• foresee
• foretell
• forget
• forgive
• forsake
• forswear
• freeze
• get
• gild
• gird
• give
• go
• grind
• grow
• hamstring
• hang
• have
• hear
• hew
• hide
• hit
• hold
• hurt
• inlay
• keep
• kneel
• knit
• know
• lay
• lead
• lean
• leap
• learn
• leave
• lend
• let
• lie
• light
• lose
• make
• mean
• meet
• melt
• mislay
• mislead
• misspell
• mistake
• misunderstand
• mow
• outdo
• overcome
• overdo
• overhang
• overhear
• overlay
• override
• overrun
• oversee
• overshoot
• oversleep
• overtake
• overthrow
• partake
• pay
• prove
• put
• read
• rebuild
• recast
• redo
• relay
• remake
• rend
• repay
• rerun
• reset
• retell
• rewrite
• rid
• ride
• ring
• rise
• run
• saw
• say
• see
• seek
• sell
• send
• set
• sew
• shake
• shave
• shear
• shed
• shine
• shoe
• shoot
• show
• shred
• shut
• sing
• sink
• sit
• slay
• sleep
• slide
• sling
• slink
• slit
• smell
• smite
• sow
• speak
• speed
• spell
• spend
• spill
• spin
• spit
• split
• spoil
• spread
• spring
• stand
• steal
• stick
• sting
• stink
• strew
• stride
• strike
• string
• strive
• swear
• sweep
• swell
• swim
• swing
• take
• teach
• tear
• tell
• think
• thrive
• throw
• thrust
• tread
• understand
• undertake
• undo
• upset
• wake
• waylay
• wear
• weave
• wed
• weep
• wet
• win
• wind
• withdraw
• withhold
• withstand
• wring
• write

• Past simple
• abode
• arose
• awoke/awaked
• was/were
• bore
• beat
• became
• befell
• begot
• began
• beheld
• bent
• bereft
• bereaved
• besought
• beset
• betted/bet
• bade
• bid
• bound
• bit
• bled
• blessed, blest
• blew
• broke
• bred
• brought
• broadcast
• built
• burnt/burned
• burst
• bought
• cast
• caught
• chid
• chose
• clove/cleft
• clung
• clothed/clad
• came
• cost
• crept
• crowed/crew
• cut
• dared/durst
• dealt
• dug
• did
• drew
• dreamed/dreamt
• drank
• drove
• dwelled/dwelt
• ate
• fell
• fed
• felt
• fought
• found
• fled
• flung
• flew
• forbore
• forbade
• forecast, forecasted
• foresaw
• foretold
• forgot
• forgave
• forsook
• forswore
• froze
• got
• gilded/gilt
• girded/girt
• gave
• went
• ground
• grew
• hamstrung
• hanged/hung
• had
• heard
• hewed
• hid
• hit
• held
• hurt
• inlaid
• kept
• knelt
• knitted, knit
• knew
• laid
• led
• leaned/leant
• leaped/leapt
• learned/learnt
• left
• lent
• let
• lay
• lighted/lit
• lost
• made
• meant
• met
• melted
• mislaid
• misled
• misspelled, misspelt
• mistook
• misunderstood
• mowed
• outdid
• overcame
• overdid
• overhung
• overheard
• overlaid
• overrode
• overran
• oversaw
• overshot
• overslept
• overtook
• overthrew
• partook
• paid
• proved
• put
• read
• rebuilt
• recast
• redid
• relayed
• remade
• rent
• repaid
• reran
• reset
• retold
• rewrote
• rid
• rode
• rang
• rose
• ran
• sawed
• said
• saw
• sought
• sold
• sent
• set
• sewed
• shook
• shaved
• sheared/shore
• shed
• shone
• shoed/shod
• shot
• showed
• shredded
• shut
• sang
• sank
• sat
• slew
• slept
• slid
• slung
• slunk
• slit
• smelled/smelt
• smote
• sowed
• spoke
• speeded/sped
• spelled/spelt
• spent
• spilled/spilt
• spun
• spat
• split
• spoiled/spoilt
• spread
• sprang
• stood
• stole
• stuck
• stung
• stank/stunk
• strewed
• strode
• struck
• strung
• strove
• swore
• swept
• swelled
• swam
• swung
• took
• taught
• tore
• told
• thought
• thrived/throve
• threw
• thrust
• trod
• understood
• undertook
• undid
• upset
• waked/woke
• waylaid
• wore
• wove
• wedded, wed
• wept
• wetted/wet
• won
• wound
• withdrew
• withheld
• withstood
• wrung
• wrote

• Past participle
• abode
• arisen
• awoken/awaked
• been
• borne/born
• beaten
• become
• befallen
• begotten
• begun
• beheld
• bent
• bereft
• bereaved
• besought
• beset
• betted/bet
• bidden
• bid
• bound
• bitten
• bled
• blessed, blest
• blown
• broken
• bred
• brought
• broadcast
• built
• burnt/burned
• burst
• bought
• cast
• caught
• chidden
• chosen
• cloven/cleft
• clung
• clothed/clad
• come
• cost
• crept
• crowed
• cut
• dared/durst
• dealt
• dug
• done
• drawn
• dreamed/dreamt
• drunk
• driven
• dwelled/dwelt
• eaten
• fallen
• fed
• felt
• fought
• found
• fled
• flung
• flown
• forborne
• forbidden
• forecast, forecasted
• foreseen
• foretold
• forgotten
• forgiven
• forsaken
• forsworn
• frozen
• got
• gilded/gilt
• girded/girt
• given
• gone
• ground
• grown
• hamstrung
• hanged/hung
• had
• heard
• hewed/hewn
• hidden
• hit
• held
• hurt
• inlaid
• kept
• knelt
• knitted, knit
• known
• laid
• led
• leaned/leant
• leaped/leapt
• learned/learnt
• left
• lent
• let
• lain
• lighted/lit
• lost
• made
• meant
• met
• melted, molten
• mislaid
• misled
• misspelled, misspelt
• mistaken
• misunderstood
• mowed/mown
• outdone
• overcome
• overdone
• overhung
• overheard
• overlaid
• overridden
• overrun
• overseen
• overshot
• overslept
• overtaken
• overthrown
• partaken
• paid
• proved, proven
• put
• read
• rebuilt
• recast
• redone
• relayed
• remade
• rent
• repaid
• rerun
• reset
• retold
• rewritten
• rid
• ridden
• rung
• risen
• run
• sawed/sawn
• said
• seen
• sought
• sold
• sent
• set
• sewed/sewn
• shaken
• shaved, shaven
• sheared/shorn
• shed
• shone
• shoed/shod
• shot
• showed/shown
• shredded
• shut
• sung
• sunk
• sat
• slain
• slept
• slid
• slung
• slunk
• slit
• smelled/smelt
• smitten
• sowed/sown
• spoken
• speeded/sped
• spelled/spelt
• spent
• spilled/spilt
• spun
• spat
• split
• spoiled/spoilt
• spread
• sprung
• stood
• stolen
• stuck
• stung
• stunk
• strewed/strewn
• stridden
• struck
• strung
• striven
• sworn
• swept
• swelled/swollen
• swum
• swung
• taken
• taught
• torn
• told
• thought
• thrived/thriven
• thrown
• thrust
• trodden/trod
• understood
• undertaken
• undone
• upset
• waked/woken
• waylaid
• worn
• woven
• wedded, wed
• wept
• wetted/wet
• won
• wound
• withdrawn
• withheld
• withstood
• wrung
• written

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