Grammar explanations

Verbs

• Irregular verbs - complete list
• Irregular verbs - divided into groups
• Verbs without -ing

• Verbs - exercises

The three forms are the same

• Verb
• beset
• bet*
• bid (= offer)
• broadcast
• burst
• cast
• cost
• cut
• forecast*
• hit
• hurt
• knit*
• let
• put
• read
• recast
• reset
• set
• shed
• shut
• slit
• split
• spread
• thrust
• upset
• wed*
• wet*

• Past simple
• beset
• bet
• bid
• broadcast
• burst
• cast
• cost
• cut
• forecast
• hit
• hurt
• knit
• let
• put
• read
• recast
• reset
• set
• shed
• shut
• slit
• split
• spread
• thrust
• upset
• wed
• wet

• Past participle
• beset
• bet
• bid
• broadcast
• burst
• cast
• cost
• cut
• forecast
• hit
• hurt
• knit
• let
• put
• read
• recast
• reset
• set
• shed
• shut
• slit
• split
• spread
• thrust
• upset
• wed
• wet

* the regular form is also possible ( + -ed)

The same infinitive and past simple

• Verb
• beat

• Past simple
• beat

• Past participle
• beaten

The same infinitive and past participle

• Verb
• become
• come
• overcome
• overrun
• rerun
• run

• Past simple
• became
• came
• overcame
• overran
• reran
• ran

• Past participle
• become
• come
• overcome
• overrun
• rerun
• run

The same past simple and past participle

• Verb
• abide
• behold
• bend
• bereave
• bereave
• beseech
• bind
• bleed
• breed
• bring
• build
• burn
• buy
• catch
• clothe
• creep
• dare
• deal
• dig
• dream
• dwell
• feed
• feel
• fight
• find
• flee
• fling
• foretell
• get
• gild
• gird
• grind
• hamstring
• hang
• have
• hear
• hold
• inlay
• keep
• kneel
• knit
• lay
• lead
• lean
• leap
• learn
• leave
• lend
• let
• light
• lose
• make
• mean
• meet
• mislay
• mislead
• misspell
• misunderstand
• overhang
• overhear
• overlay
• overshoot
• oversleep
• pay
• rebuild
• relay
• remake
• rend
• repay
• reset
• retell
• rid
• say
• seek
• sell
• send
• shine
• shoe
• shoot
• shred
• sit
• sleep
• slide
• sling
• slink
• slit
• smell
• speed
• spell
• spend
• spill
• spin
• spit
• spoil
• stand
• stick
• sting
• strike
• string
• sweep
• swing
• teach
• tell
• think
• understand
• waylay
• weep
• wet
• win
• wind
• withhold
• withstand
• wring

• Past simple
• abode
• beheld
• bent
• bereft
• bereaved
• besought
• bound
• bled
• bred
• brought
• built
• burnt/burned
• bought
• caught
• clothed/clad
• crept
• dared/durst
• dealt
• dug
• dreamed/dreamt
• dwelled/dwelt
• fed
• felt
• fought
• found
• fled
• flung
• foretold
• got
• gilded/gilt
• girded/girt
• ground
• hamstrung
• hanged/hung
• had
• heard
• held
• inlaid
• kept
• knelt
• knitted, knit
• laid
• led
• leaned/leant
• leaped/leapt
• learned/learnt
• left
• lent
• let
• lighted/lit
• lost
• made
• meant
• met
• mislaid
• misled
• misspelled, misspelt
• misunderstood
• overhung
• overheard
• overlaid
• overshot
• overslept
• paid
• rebuilt
• relayed
• remade
• rent
• repaid
• reset
• retold
• rid
• said
• sought
• sold
• sent
• shone
• shoed/shod
• shot
• shredded
• sat
• slept
• slid
• slung
• slunk
• slit
• smelled/smelt
• speeded/sped
• spelled/spelt
• spent
• spilled/spilt
• spun
• spat
• spoiled/spoilt
• stood
• stuck
• stung
• struck
• strung
• swept
• swung
• taught
• told
• thought
• understood
• waylaid
• wept
• wetted/wet
• won
• wound
• withheld
• withstood
• wrung

• Past participle
• abode
• beheld
• bent
• bereft
• bereaved
• besought
• bound
• bled
• bred
• brought
• built
• burnt/burned
• bought
• caught
• clothed/clad
• crept
• dared/durst
• dealt
• dug
• dreamed/dreamt
• dwelled/dwelt
• fed
• felt
• fought
• found
• fled
• flung
• foretold
• got
• gilded/gilt
• girded/girt
• ground
• hamstrung
• hanged/hung
• had
• heard
• held
• inlaid
• kept
• knelt
• knitted, knit
• laid
• led
• leaned/leant
• leaped/leapt
• learned/learnt
• left
• lent
• let
• lighted/lit
• lost
• made
• meant
• met
• mislaid
• misled
• misspelled, misspelt
• misunderstood
• overhung
• overheard
• overlaid
• overshot
• overslept
• paid
• rebuilt
• relayed
• remade
• rent
• repaid
• reset
• retold
• rid
• said
• sought
• sold
• sent
• shone
• shoed/shod
• shot
• shredded
• sat
• slept
• slid
• slung
• slunk
• slit
• smelled/smelt
• speeded/sped
• spelled/spelt
• spent
• spilled/spilt
• spun
• spat
• spoiled/spoilt
• stood
• stuck
• stung
• struck
• strung
• swept
• swung
• taught
• told
• thought
• understood
• waylaid
• wept
• wetted/wet
• won
• wound
• withheld
• withstood
• wrung

All the three forms are different

• Verb
• arise
• awake
• be
• bear
• befall
• beget
• begin
• bid (= command)
• bite
• blow
• break
• chide
• choose
• do
• draw
• drink
• drive
• eat
• fall
• fly
• forbear
• forbid
• foresee
• forget
• forgive
• forsake
• forswear
• freeze
• give
• go
• grow
• hide
• know
• lie
• mistake
• mow
• outdo
• overdo
• override
• oversee
• overtake
• overthrow
• partake
• prove
• redo
• rewrite
• ride
• rise
• run
• saw
• see
• sew
• shake
• shave
• shear
• show
• sing
• sink
• slay
• smite
• sow
• speak
• spring
• steal
• strew
• stride
• strive
• swear
• swell
• swim
• take
• tear
• thrive
• throw
• tread
• undertake
• undo
• wake
• wear
• weave
• withdraw
• write

• Past simple
• arose
• awoke
• was/were
• bore
• befell
• begot
• began
• bade
• bit
• blew
• broke
• chid
• chose
• did
• drew
• drank
• drove
• ate
• fell
• flew
• forbore
• forbade
• foresaw
• forgot
• forgave
• forsook
• forswore
• froze
• gave
• went
• grew
• hid
• knew
• lay
• mistook
• mowed
• outdid
• overdid
• overrode
• oversaw
• overtook
• overthrew
• partook
• proved
• redid
• rewrote
• rode
• rose
• ran
• sawed
• saw
• sewed
• shook
• shaved
• sheared/shore
• showed
• sang
• sank
• slew
• smote
• sowed
• spoke
• sprang
• stole
• strewed
• strode
• strove
• swore
• swelled
• swam
• took
• tore
• thrived/throve
• threw
• trod
• undertook
• undid
• waked/woke
• wore
• wove
• withdrew
• wrote

• Past participle
• arisen
• awoken
• been
• borne/born
• befallen
• begotten
• begun
• bidden
• bitten
• blown
• broken
• chidden
• chosen
• done
• drawn
• drunk
• driven
• eaten
• fallen
• flown
• forborne
• forbidden
• foreseen
• forgotten
• forgiven
• forsaken
• forsworn
• frozen
• given
• gone
• grown
• hidden
• known
• lain
• mistaken
• mowed/mown
• outdone
• overdone
• overridden
• overseen
• overtaken
• overthrown
• partaken
• proved, proven
• redone
• rewritten
• ridden
• risen
• run
• sawed/sawn
• seen
• sewed/sewn
• shaken
• shaved, shaven
• sheared/shorn
• showed/shown
• sung
• sunk
• slain
• smitten
• sowed/sown
• spoken
• sprung
• stolen
• strewed/strewn
• stridden
• striven
• sworn
• swelled/swollen
• swum
• taken
• torn
• thrived/thriven
• thrown
• trodden/trod
• undertaken
• undone
• waked/woken
• worn
• woven
• withdrawn
• written

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